One day, Kathy, a 58-year-old accountant, found herself staring at her hands. The second joint (PIP or proximal interphalangeal joint) on her right index and four first joints (DIP or distal ...
Two distinguishing features of long-standing RA are “swan neck” deformities and boutonniere deformities of the fingers (Figure 1). 3 Swan neck deformities develop with hyperextension of the PIP joint ...
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